Introduction to the Id and the Superego

Introduction to the Id and the Superego The topic of discussion today was Understanding Our Own Defences. Since the lesson, I have been researching this subject and learned that it was Sigmund Freud (1856 1939) who first began to write about the mechanisms our brain uses to stop us from feeling anxiety, guilt or hurt. Freud believed that our psyche, which is not our physical brain, more our personality and the way we behave, is split into three. He called these parts the Id, the Ego and the Super Ego. He thought that the id was submerged out of sight in our subconscious, whereas the ego and super ego were in our consciousness. The id is the primitive and instinctive part of our personality that contains sexual and aggressive drives and hidden memories, the super-ego operates as a moral conscience, and the ego is the realistic part that mediates between the desires of the id and the super-ego. According to the theory, we are born with only the id part of our personality, and we go on to develop the ego and super ego at aro und 3 to 5 years of age. The Id, however, remains a personality trait throughout our life, one of its traits is that it demands immediate attention. Freud stated that the ego is That part of the id which has been modified by the direct influence of the external world. It develops as a sort of negotiator between the id and the external world, however, as Freud himself observed, it developed as a mechanism to postpone satisfaction and to help the individual fit into societies expectations of them. The ego concerns itself with a more rational, problem-solving state of mind and will try to re-think solutions until the problem is solved. Freud made the analogy of the id being a horse while the ego is the rider. The ego is like a man on horseback, who has to hold in check the superior strength of the horse. The main purpose of the superego is to control the impulses of the id, especially those which society forbids such as aggression or sex. It acts as a sort of moral compass for the ego, striving for perfection rather than simple realistic outcomes and consists of two components, the conscience and the ideal self. It is driven by unconscious values learned from parents and society, and because perfection is the goal, falling short can lead us to feelings of shame or guilt, so, in order to deal with these feelings, Freud declared that the ego employs a range of defence mechanisms. These defence mechanisms operate at an unconscious level and help ward off unpleasant feelings such as anxiety or guilt which may have arisen because we felt threatened, or because our id or superego became too demanding. Freud identified seven defence mechanisms, but there are much more. Repression: pushing away a thought or a feeling, saying to yourself lets forget about it, Many things can be an object of repression such as painful memories of forbidden desires. Although, sometimes our true feelings can leak out in what is known as a Freudian slip, like the man who was introduced to a colleague who had got the big promotion he had applied for. His opening remark was Hello I am David, pleased to beat you Denial: Refusing to accept that something exists or happened. This can be a mechanism that is seen when someone refuses to accept the death of a loved one. Or making excuses for continuing unhealthy behaviour such as smoking, with phrases such as my granny smoked forty a day and lived until she was one hundred and two. Projection: This involves individuals attributing their own thoughts, feelings and motives to another person. Thoughts most commonly projected onto another are ones that would cause guilt such as aggressive and sexual fantasies or thoughts. For instance, you might hate someone, but your superego tells you that such hatred is unacceptable. You can solve the problem by believing that they hate you. Rationalisation: Creating an acceptable but incorrect explanation of a situation, for example, the man caught stealing computers from the warehouse he works at Its not stealing, my company sells millions of computers for big profit, they wont miss the two that I have taken. Intellectualisation: Thinking about something logically without any attached emotion, for example, Counsellor: Well Jane, your husband has left you, and you have been made redundant, how does that feel? Janes response: I now have a lot more time on my hands, I can get on with the gardening and catch up on some odd jobs around the house, as for my job I did not like it much anyway. Reaction formation: Doing the opposite of what you would really like to do, being over-nice to someone you dislike is a good example of this. The best example is the person who mutters through gritted teeth No, I am not angry. Regression: Acting in the way a child might if they did not get their own way. Foot stamping, speaking in a whiney voice or storming off are good examples of this. As we can see above, defence mechanisms are protective, coping, strategies adopted by the brain to shield us from painful feelings. The brain has said to itself Im too afraid to feel this so Im going to make something up that I wont be so afraid of. As a counsellor, our job is to attempt to get through these defences to the core issue that is troubling the client and to provide the support the client needs to initiate a change within themselves. This may take some time as the client may not initially trust or feel comfortable with us. They may feel frightened or embarrassed to show their true feelings. The Oxford English Dictionary defines trust as a firm belief in the reliability, truth, ability, or strength of someone or something. Carl Rogers said, a good counsellor will have some sense of how to match the pace of counselling sessions to the needs of their clients. So, in summary, when a client first comes to us, they will probably demonstrate some of the defences written about above, we will then carefully use our counselling skills to build a rapport and try to make the client feel comfortable enough to start to discuss why they feel the need to seek counselling.  

What time you call this?

She returned a few seconds later, there was a little glimmer of satisfaction on her face. She paused in the centre of the' hall, as though wondering what to do next. Then, suddenly, she turned and went across into her husband's study. On the desk she found his address book, and after hunting through it for a while she picked up the phone and dialled a number. â€Å"Hello,† she said. â€Å"Listen – this is Nine East Sixty-second Street . . . Yes, that's right. Could you send someone round as soon as possible, do you think? Yes, it seems to be stuck between the second, and third floors. At least, that's where the indicator's pointing . . . Right away? Oh, that's very kind of you. You see, my legs aren't any too good for walking up a lot of stairs. Thank you so much. Good-bye.† She replaced the receiver and sat there at her husband's desk, patiently waiting for the man who would be coming soon to repair the lift. â€Å"What time do you call this?† she said The repairman replied, † well sorry for running late but my car broke down† â€Å"Oh well don't worry but I will not be paying you full price† she declared He replied in a rudely manner â€Å"Okay madam, I'm really sorry, it wasn't entirely my fault† She interrupted â€Å"Quick, quick!!! I'll have to dust the house before my husband comes home, im tired as it is† The repairman started fixing the elevator, it was continuously playing up. the repair man said â€Å"this is too dangerous to be in use and someone should have been called out weeks ago other than that it should be working in any second now† She replied, â€Å"Oh thanks dear, I shall be paying you nineteen dollars† â€Å"Oh yes that will do† he said with a disappointed sigh. The repairman started fixing the elevator, he took out a few tools, a spanner, screw driver and a hand drill, he tried and tried to open the jammed elevator but it wouldn't open, Mrs Foster saw this so she offered to help, † do you need help there mister?† â€Å"Well†, he said with a surprised face â€Å"mrs I haven't got the right tools so ill have to come back tomorrow† â€Å"No you will not!!! I need it fixed now, so it will get fixed now also I have some tools under the sink in the kitchen† she declared Ill have a look, hopefully you have a crowbar, that's all I need† he replied Fast, fast I don't much have time,† she said. So the man got the crowbar, put one end in the gap and put all his weight in the other , Then a little gap emerged and a sudden stench infested the nose of the repairman. â€Å"Orrghh that bloody smells† he shouted â€Å"What, what is the matter?† She shouted Mrs foster then went towards the elevator and said â€Å"open up we'll see what has made that ghastly smell if you be quick† Then man opened up the rest of the lift so they could see what in the lift. â€Å"Oh my little smooch, my cat, my cat its dead† she wailed â€Å"I better get a bag† he said with a confused face. He got a bag for the cat. Mrs foster was surprised and disappointed, and she showed a glimmer of dissatisfaction, the cry sounded rather unreal, not usual cry that her pet had got stuck in the lift and died but an obvious exaggerated cry. â€Å"Here's nineteen dollars,† she said â€Å"Oh thanks, hopefully no problems should reoccur† he said So the man left the house, she was slightly upset. She got in the elevator and went up to her bedroom, she put down the suitcase and lied down on the luxurious bed that she had, it consists of a king bed, which had a crown looking thing at each corner of the bed. Half asleep she heard a creeping noise of footsteps; she thought it was nothing but her mind playing on her. The noise got closer and closer, but she was getting sleepier and sleepier. With her eyes slightly closed she could feel a shadow over her, She reluctantly opened her eyes and to her amazement it was Mr foster, â€Å"Its alright your safe with me, go back to sleep† he muttered While she was falling into deep asleep, he quietly went to the closet and opens the draw He took a sharp object and walked over to the bed was went towards Mrs foster, put his hand in a plastic bag then stabbed her in the neck.

The New Angle On Social Classes Pesuasive Essay Topics Just Released

The New Angle On Social Classes Pesuasive Essay Topics Just Released Social Classes Pesuasive Essay Topics Ideas Everyone on earth should speak English. The death penalty needs to be abolished in the united states. Everybody should find the day off on their birthday. Everybody should have to exercise every single day. School holidays must be twice as long. Sex education needs to be taught at a lowly age. Students ought to be permitted to pray in school. Language ought never to be permitted to change. Pets should be permitted in school. Kids need to be able to vote. Children should have to read more. They should be able to use cellphones in school. Social Classes Pesuasive Essay Topics Secrets That No One Else Knows About You have to know all elements of financial topics as soon as you choose them. So, the best method to compose a terrific persuasive essay is to locate a theme you're acquainted with and would like to share your experience with the reader. It's important to understand that essay topics are just basic ideas that leave you pondering an idea that might be a huge deal to somebody else. While it could be hard to select from such a number of persuasive speech topics, consider which of the above you've got the most knowledge of and can argue your opinion on. Many people wind up covering the exact same tired topics they see in the media every day, only because they can't produce a better idea. You could need to visit the library or interview those who are experts on your topic. Since the function people can interact online through social networking, chat or share information with one another. Don't forget your evidence must attract reason. People today consume an excessive amount of meat. Human is social animal, so they wish to earn relationship with other people. The main target of brainstorming is to generate an assortment of special ideas everybody can utilize. When you're permitted to write about whatever you want, never rely on somebody's thoughts about the subject you like as a pivotal criterion for your choice. The very first thing you need to realize searching for an ideal topic is that your opinion is the thing that matters the most. When searching for a topic for a persuasive essay, the very best advice is to select what you have passion for and know a bit about. How to Choose Social Classes Pesuasive Essay Topics Similar interests assume the reason different classes have a tendency to be around each other more. Since you can see, we must understand and regulate using social networking by young children. Social networking is regarded as an addiction and lots of people are becoming addicts daily. Famous people set a terrible example for kids. Write an introduction, stating how debated the matter is and why it is necessary to reach consensus on the topic. The school day needs to be shorter. Yearly driving tests ought to be mandatory over a particular age. They should be mandatory for the first five years after getting a license. Persuade your sister or brother to assist you talk your parents into something you would like to do. The voting age should be lowered. The retirement age should be raised. The legal drinking age should be raised. There are just a few things that define whether an essay you're working on is going to be a good one. Now you have a great beginning to your essay, you want to compose a few paragraphs to back up your stance. There are a couple easy guidelines to follow as a way to be in a position to compose a great persuasive essay. There are many intriguing topics that could be become a persuasive essay if you take the opportunity to consider about doing it. Another good idea is to receive some absolutely free essay examples of different sorts and on various subjects to find a general idea of the way in which a thriving debatable paper looks. At exactly the same time, it's a terrific persuasive essay idea. You might be given the topic straight away by your professor, or you can be free to select the topic yourself. There are several persuasive essay topics to pick from to finish your high school or college assignment. Our qualified academic experts will aid you in finding a great persuasive essay topic according to all of your requirements and compose a custom-tailored model answer. Personal colleges are far better than state colleges. Assessment and Reflection The teacher utilizes the LDC rubric to evaluate the students' writing and supply feedback to help students enhance their performance. Students may offer feedback to one another on their opening paragraphs.

“Academic Stress, Achievement Motivation, and Academic...

â€Å"ACADEMIC STRESS, ACHIEVEMENT MOTIVATION, AND ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT AS PREDICTORS OF ADJUSTMENT AMONG HIGHSCHOOL STUDENTS.† ABSTRACT The main aim of the present study was to explore the relative contribution of academic stress, achievement motivation and academic achievement among adjustment of high school students. It was hypothesized that adjustment will be significantly predicted on the basis of academic stress, achievement motivation and academic achievement. 160 students of Sangli and Kolhapur district were selected by random sampling method. Multiple regressions were done to analyze the collective data. The findings of the study revealed that academic stress and adjustment is negatively related with each other, while†¦show more content†¦Educational adjustments are very important for academic achievement. Ramanna Sood (1992) found significant relationship between achievement motivation and adjustment. According to Good (1993) academic achievement means knowledge attained or skills developed in the school subject, usually designated by test scores or by marks assigned by teachers or by both. Best (1977) pointed out that academic grades assigned by teachers or scores on standardized achievement test is operational definition of academic achievement. According to George and Ravindran (2005) many factors contribute to academic achievement. The major ones are intelligence, adjustments, motivation, academic stress, level of aspirations and time perception etc. In present study academic achievement is being studied with the adjustment, achievement motivation and academic stress. Methodology Aim of the study The main aim of the present study is that there is possibility of prediction of adjustment of high school students on the basis of academic stress, achievement motivation and academic achievement. Objectives of the study 1) To measure the academic stress, achievement motivation and adjustment of high school students and find out whether the difference between male-female, urban-rural and high and low achievers is significant or not. 2) To study the strength of associationShow MoreRelatedFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 PagesThis online teaching and learning environment integrates the entire digital textbook with the most effective instructor and student resources With WileyPLUS: Students achieve concept mastery in a rich, structured environment that’s available 24/7 Instructors personalize and manage their course more effectively with assessment, assignments, grade tracking, and more manage time better study smarter save money From multiple study paths, to self-assessment, to a wealth of interactive visual